{"id":1105,"date":"2016-08-26T14:26:01","date_gmt":"2016-08-26T20:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/?page_id=1105"},"modified":"2017-01-05T19:26:18","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T01:26:18","slug":"sketches-illustrations-and-other-visual-arts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/sketches-illustrations-and-other-visual-arts\/","title":{"rendered":"Sketches, Illustrations, and Other Visual Arts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Visual metaphors abound in the terminology authors used to reference their short fiction. Viewing their work in terms of an essentially static medium (an illustration captures a specific moment and place in time) would enable authors to reign in the scope and range of their fiction. Focusing on the development of one character\u2014a portrait in words.\u00a0 Focusing on one location\u2014a landscape sketch in prose.\u00a0 Focusing on one event\u2014a narrative illustration. These visual metaphors, then, provide a counterpoint to the typical realist novels of the time, with their richness of detail, intricacy of plot, and multitude of characters.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, certain aspects of periodical publishing emphasized visual metaphors. Take, for example, the literary annuals. Often beautifully crafted sentimental engravings were the most expensive and notable part of an annual. As Paula Feldman explains, \u201cthe plates were the centerpiece of an annual, and twice as much money typically went to pay engravers as went to pay authors and editors.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1105_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Paula R. Feldman, Introduction to <em>The Keepsake for 1829<\/em>, Ed. Frederic Mansel Reynolds, Ontario: Broadview, 2006: 24. Feldman is discussing <em>The Keepsake<\/em> in particular.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1105_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0 At times, Feldman notes, authors might be asked to compose narratives to illustrate the illustrations.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1105_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Feldman, 24.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1105_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> The two were inextricably tied together.<\/p>\n<p>The most common and stable of the visual terms used in Victorian short fiction is \u201csketch.\u201d Drawing on the idea of a sketch as a hastily-drawn visual representation, usually done as a preliminary exercise for a more finished work of art, authors could title their work as a sketch to suggest that it gave a mere outline or suggestion of a larger story. Writers might also use the term to suggest writing that was ostensibly done off-hand or informally.\u00a0 In reality, many authors honed the art of the narrative sketch. A plot given in rough outline or a character drawn quickly could imply greater authenticity, a more sure insight into the mind of an inspired author. A sketch that was unfinished, impulsive, and unpolished, might therefore be considered more natural and faithful to a writer\u2019s original vision.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1105_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1105_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Richard Sha, in his excellent <em>The Visual and Verbal Sketch in British Romanticism <\/em>(Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1998), details the importance of the sketch in Romantic-era thinking. This is a heritage that would carry on through the nineteenth century. Kristie Hamilton\u2019s <em>American\u2019s Sketchbook: The Cultural Life of a Nineteenth-Century Literary Genre<\/em> (Athens, GA: Ohio UP, 1998) examines the interrelationship between the literary sketch and a developing sense of American national identity.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1105_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>Significant Terms<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Sketch<\/li>\n<li>Illustration<\/li>\n<li>Portrait<\/li>\n<li>Drawing<\/li>\n<li>Study<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Selected Examples<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/title\/a-christmas-tree\/\">A Christmas Tree<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/title\/the-young-countess\/\">The Young Countess<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1105_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1105_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1105_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_1105_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1105_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Paula R. Feldman, Introduction to <em>The Keepsake for 1829<\/em>, Ed. Frederic Mansel Reynolds, Ontario: Broadview, 2006: 24. Feldman is discussing <em>The Keepsake<\/em> in particular.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1105_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Feldman, 24.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1105_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1105_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1105_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Richard Sha, in his excellent <em>The Visual and Verbal Sketch in British Romanticism <\/em>(Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1998), details the importance of the sketch in Romantic-era thinking. This is a heritage that would carry on through the nineteenth century. Kristie Hamilton\u2019s <em>American\u2019s Sketchbook: The Cultural Life of a Nineteenth-Century Literary Genre<\/em> (Athens, GA: Ohio UP, 1998) examines the interrelationship between the literary sketch and a developing sense of American national identity.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_1105_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1105_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1105_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_1105_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1105_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1105_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1105_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1105_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1105_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_1105_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_1105_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1105_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_1105_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1105_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Visual metaphors abound in the terminology authors used to reference their short fiction. Viewing their work in terms of an essentially static medium (an illustration captures a specific moment and place in time) would enable authors to reign in the scope and range of their fiction. Focusing on the development of one character\u2014a portrait [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1105","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/124"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1105"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1778,"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1105\/revisions\/1778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vsfp.byu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}